Resources

Engineers are re-imagining the world powered by metal composites, learn about the beneficial properties of NobelClad transition joints.

Nickel-base HYBRID BC1 Alloy offers superior corrosion performance to established Ni-Mo and Ni-Cr-Mo alloys in several corrosive environments.

Many of today’s MMA production facilities incorporate zirconium clad as a critical material of construction to keep operations running reliably and safely.

Therco-Serck chose explosion welded titanium clad tube sheets for their debutanizer condensers as opposed to the cost prohibitive solid titanium.

Learn how NobelClad’s large plates reduce your costs by manufacturing seamless, one-piece heads making them more reliable.

Merrem & la Porte Hitech Metals division is the supplier of TriClad, aluminium to steel transition joints in Europe, Africa and Asia.

DetaCouple™ structural transition joints allow naval architects and shipbuilders to maximize on the strength of Steel and the resistance of Aluminum.

CTJs provide a reliable, leak tight welding transition coupling between aluminum and stainless steel for LNG storage and transfer lines.

Get to know our transition joint expert, David Gauthier, as he helps end users use clad for smelting and marine applications.

PET, or Polyethylene Terephthalate, is used to package 70% of carbonated soft drinks, fruit juices, dilutable drinks and bottled water consumed worldwide. Light, durable, safe and with a smaller carbon footprint than other alternatives, PET is the most recyclable plastic in the world. It has multiple advantages over other types of plastic.

Polymetal International chose explosion welded titanium clad vessels as a more economical, reliable solution for high temperature and high-pressure operating conditions.

Reference NobelClad’s General Conditions of Sale for the United States.

Detacouple structural transition joints are composite inserts making it possible to join dissimilar metals by standard welding techniques.

A study was performed measuring ETJ bond strength as a function of time, temperature & design.

Is explosion welding a reliable and economical option for producing clad induction bends? Read on for results.

The Coradia Polyvalent regional trains were built with explosion welded transition joints – the only solution in industry for welding dissimilar metals.

Did you know, roll bonding passes two or more metals through a pair of flat rollers at high temperature to bond dissimilar metals?

Study results show toughness properties of TMCP pipe material that underwent the explosion welding process for cladding with Alloy 825 and 625.

NobelClad introduces DetaPipe™, a clad-metal pipe product designed for high-temperature and high-pressure processing environments.

NobelClad clad plates consistently demonstrates superior shear strength when compared alternative clad manufacturers.

Aluminium to copper transition joints are the most cost-efficient solution for joining copper to aluminium on cathode heads.

These specification is for clad plate made from various metal combinations for explosion welded clad plate.

Electrical transition joints (ETJ) are used for welding aluminum to steel in reduction cells, this study reviews the electrical resistance of aluminum to steel ETJs vs time and temperature

Hybrid butt joints between steel and aluminum can be an effective mean to fabricate hybrid car bodies. See the research behind this study.

This paper reviews the corrosion resistance of explosion clad Ni-Cr-Mo alloys.

YS Choi manages the Asian team and stays closely linked to all of NobelClad’s production facilities ensuring Asian projects are executed.

Kuni Etuk navigates supply chain processes to improve our ability to deliver raw materials and manufactured applications, on time and on budget.

Sophisticated networks of crude oil furnaces, distillation towers, and heat exchangers cost revenue, however using clad plates is smart business.

Learn how DetaClad titanium clad is used in chemical process equipment in highly corrosive environments.

The International Journal of Fatigue conducted a study comparing the shear fatigue strength of the explosion-welded junction to a traditional butt welded joint.

Read the press release.

Johnson Controls clad water-cooled marine chillers are used on cruise ships all over the world. Read the full story here.

Read the white paper on directly attaching internals in pressure vessels with Direct Attach.

Manufacture of clad pressure vessels requires elevated temperature forming of heads. Improper forming conditions can result in inappropriate corrosion and mechanical properties.

Read the press release announcing Dr. Edgar E. Vidal as NobelClad's Global Director of Business Development and Marketing.

This paper reviews hydrogen induced disbonding compared to the three primary cladding techniques.

DetaClad tube sheets mitigate the risk during tube sheet drilling and tube welding.

Explore how transition joints are used in the train industry.

Learn how to execute a successful titanium clad equipment project with explosion cladding, a highly robust process.

Both atmospheric and vacuum conditions can produce either good, but also poor quality bonds: the critical component being to maintaining collision parameters within appropriate range in the cladding window.

Emergency and field service teams rely on quality tube sheets and short lead times for quick turnaround projects.

Read about how DetaClad, our proprietary explosion welding process, is used in geothermal processing equipment.

Explore NobelClad's latest product is a high-performance clad-metal pipe product.

If the bond between the cladding metal and the base metal can be qualified, engineers can flexibly design internals to be welded directly to the clad.

A look at how MIL-J-24445 certified Detacouple™ structural transition joints became and remain the world's aluminum-steel standard of choice for naval architects.

Directly attaching internals lowers cost and shortens delivery time for fabricated clad equipment.

Yassine Ikiou approaches Inside Sales Middle East in the best way he believes: with personal service, quick delivery and competitive prices.

Learn about the functional benefits of using titanium-clad steel for PTA processing equipment.

Our European market has made significant investments to best serve the changing needs of our customers. Check out these recent investments.

Curious how weld overlay melts one metal—the cladding layer—onto the surface of another metal of similar composition?

A look at how TriClad structural transition joints became and remain the world's choice for naval superyachts

NobelClad provides tailored clad-metal pipe solutions for high-pressure, high-temperature environments.

Conrad Kascik found a cost effective solution NobelClad's furnace. Read the full case study.

For rail engineers, joining highly dissimilar metals such as aluminum to steel represents a challenge during assembly design.

To keep acetic acid operations running reliably and safely, today’s fabricators and engineers rely on one metal—zirconium.

Learn how clad material is helping Sustainable Air Fuel (SAF) processing to ultimately lower airlines carbon footprint.

Read about how DetaClad is used in nuclear and alternative power generation equipment.

TriClad® aluminum-steel transition joints are used to provide an efficient and maintenance free welded connection in Europe, Africa and Asia.

When corrosion properties cannot be achieved with other lower cost alloys for pressure vessels and heat exchangers, zirconium cladding is used.

With high risks of disbonding of the cladding interface, this study characterizing the DetaClad™ interface under extreme operating conditions.

Learn about the feasibility of producing a heavy wall bend undergone a full body quenching and tempering process stemming from a TMCP plate.

Learn how NobelClad re-imagines what is possible to safely solve material design challenges in energy, industrial and infrastructure markets.

In this study, mechanical and corrosion testing show how to manufacture clad bends in a reliable & economic way.

Read the Heat Exchanger World article about how explosion clad has become beneficial to heat exchangers.

This specification is for clad plate made from a steel base metal that has been metallurgically bonded to titanium, zirconium, tantalum or niobium.

Explosion cladding of reactive and refractory metals offers cost reductions for corrosion-resistant chemical processing industry (CPI) equipment.

NobelClad uses its explosion welding process to manufacture clad plates used for the production of longitude welded clad pipes and plates.

When it comes to hydrometallurgy, engineers have options, consider carbon steel and titanium clad lining in these process conditions.

With sales resources dedicated to clad worldwide learn how Cliff Wee supports oil & gas customers from Singapore.

Based in Germany, read how Heike Zengler works with customers all over Eastern Europe in her role as Inside Sales.

Reference NobelClad’s Terms and Conditions of Purchase for the United States.

Updates were made to reflect best practice of established manufacturers and users.

NobelClad's patented Detaclad manufacturing process delivers explosion welded plates and heads used in service around the globe.

Enerfab has extensive experience designing and building to customers’ unique requirements. When clad metals are called for, Enerfab relies on NobelClad.

In Mt. Braddock, PA, NobelClad offers a variety of services like water jet cutting, abrasive belt grinding, flattening, heat treating and more.

Read about the financial benefits of seamless hemispherical heads, made from large N 825 clad plates, for upstream and downstream drilling operations in harsh conditions.

Learn how strategic alliances play a major role in how NobelClad manages a unique and global supply chain.

This white paper demonstrates shear strength data for reducing concerns about directly welding on DetaClad™ explosion bonded products.

Read our press release on Olivier Sarrat's promotion.

To permanently join metals without fasteners, NobelClad’s structural transition joints enable welding aluminum to steel.

Read how NobelClad utilizes tensile testing to provide quality multi-metal solutions from our proprietary explosion welding process, DetaClad™.

Read about how NobelClad uses multi-metals to explore application opportunities for agriculture equipment.

Pipe reactors in Ammonium-Nitrate (AN) plants suffer from short lifetimes due to serious corrosion and erosion issues. DetaPipe™ could provide a unique opportunity to address the problem faced.

Cladder: Copper 715

Backer: SA516 70N Carbon Steel

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm

Industries: Industrial Refrigeration

Cladder: Zirconium 702

Backer: SA516 60N Carbon Steel

Thickness: .625 in., 15.9 mm.

Industries: Chemical & Petrochemical

Cladder: Titanium Grade 12

Backer: P355GH Steel

Thickness: .750 in., 19.1 mm.

Industries: Metals Extraction & Refining, Chemical & Petrochemical, Industrial Refrigeration Oil & Gas

Cladder: Titanium Grade 12

Backer: 304L Stainless Steel

Thickness: .750 in., 19.1 mm.

Industries: Power Generation, Chemical & Petrochemical

Cladder: Titanium Grade 1

Backer: Nickel 200

Thickness: .750 in., 19.1 mm.

Industries: Chemical & Petrochemical

Cladder: Aluminum 1050

Backer: 1008 Carbon Steel

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm

Industries: Metals Extraction & Refining

Cladder: Aluminum 5754

Backer: S355 Steel

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm.

Industries: Metals Extraction & Refining, Transportation

Cladder: Nickel Superalloy 625

Backer: SA516 70N Carbon Steel

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm.

Industries: Chemical & Petrochemical, Oil & Gas

Cladder: Nickel Superalloy 276

Backer: SA516 70N Carbon Steel

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm.

Industries: Chemical & Petrochemical, Oil & Gas

Cladder: Nickel Superalloy 276

Backer: HY80 Steel

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm.

Industries: Chemical & Petrochemical, Oil & Gas

Cladder: 317L Stainless Steel

Backer: SA516 60N Carbon Steel

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm.

Industries: Chemical & Petrochemical, Oil & Gas

Cladder: Titanium Grade 1

Backer: 316L Stainless Steel

Thickness: .750 in., 19.1 mm.

Industries: Power Generation, Chemical & Petrochemical

Cladder: Zirconium 700

Backer: 304L Stainless Steel

Thickness: .625 in., 15.9 mm.

Industries: Chemical & Petrochemical

Cladder: Titanium Grade 2

Backer: SA516 70N Carbon Steel

Thickness: .750 in., 19.1 mm.

Industries: Metals Extraction & Refining, Chemical & Petrochemical, Industrial Refrigeration Oil & Gas

Cladder: Titanium Grade 11

Backer: 304L Stainless Steel

Thickness: .750 in., 19.1 mm.

Industries: Power Generation, Chemical & Petrochemical

Cladder: 316L Stainless Steel

Backer: SA516 70N Carbon Steel

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm.

Industries: Chemical & Petrochemical, Oil & Gas

Cladder: 316L Stainless Steel

Backer: SA516 60N Carbon Steel

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm.

Industries: Chemical & Petrochemical, Oil & Gas

Cladder: Copper 101

Backer: Aluminum 1350

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm

Industries: Metals Extraction & Refining

Cladder: Titanium Grade 12

Backer: Nickel 200

Thickness: .750 in., 19.1 mm.

Industries: Chemical & Petrochemical

Cladder: Titanium Grade 11

Backer: P355GH Steel

Thickness: .750 in., 19.1 mm.

Industries: Metals Extraction & Refining, Chemical & Petrochemical, Industrial Refrigeration Oil & Gas

Cladder: Titanium Grade 17

Backer: P295GH Steel

Thickness: .750 in., 19.1 mm.

Industries: Metals Extraction & Refining, Chemical & Petrochemical, Industrial Refrigeration Oil & Gas

Cladder: 304L Stainless Steel

Backer: SA516 60N Carbon Steel

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm.

Industries: Chemical & Petrochemical, Oil & Gas

Cladder: 410S Ferritic Stainless Steel

Backer: SA516 70N Carbon Steel

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm.

Industries: Chemical & Petrochemical, Oil & Gas

Cladder: Zirconium 702

Backer: 316L Stainless Steel

Thickness: .625 in., 15.9 mm.

Industries: Chemical & Petrochemical

Cladder: Titanium Grade 1

Backer: P355GH Steel

Thickness: .750 in., 19.1 mm.

Industries: Metals Extraction & Refining, Chemical & Petrochemical, Industrial Refrigeration Oil & Gas

Cladder: Titanium Grade 2

Backer: 316L Stainless Steel

Thickness: .750 in., 19.1 mm.

Industries: Power Generation, Chemical & Petrochemical

Cladder: Titanium Grade 2

Backer: P355GH Steel

Thickness: .750 in., 19.1 mm.

Industries: Metals Extraction & Refining, Chemical & Petrochemical, Industrial Refrigeration Oil & Gas

Cladder: Titanium Grade 1

Backer: 304L Stainless Steel

Thickness: .750 in., 19.1 mm.

Industries: Power Generation, Chemical & Petrochemical

Cladder: Copper 102

Backer: Aluminum 1100

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm

Industries: Metals Extraction & Refining

Cladder: Copper 110

Backer: Aluminum 1050

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm

Industries: Metals Extraction & Refining

Cladder: Aluminum 3003

Backer: 316L Stainless Steel

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm.

Industries: Metals Extraction & Refining

Cladder: Zirconium 702

Backer: 304L Stainless Steel

Thickness: .625 in., 15.9 mm.

Industries: Chemical & Petrochemical

Cladder: Zirconium 702

Backer: SA516 70N Carbon Steel

Thickness: .625 in., 15.9 mm.

Industries: Chemical & Petrochemical

Cladder: Titanium Grade 11

Backer: P295GH Steel

Thickness: .750 in., 19.1 mm.

Industries: Metals Extraction & Refining, Chemical & Petrochemical, Industrial Refrigeration Oil & Gas

Cladder: Titanium Grade 12

Backer: SA516 70N Carbon Steel

Thickness: .750 in., 19.1 mm.

Industries: Metals Extraction & Refining, Chemical & Petrochemical, Industrial Refrigeration Oil & Gas

Cladder: Nickel Superalloy 600

Backer: HY80 Steel

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm.

Industries: Chemical & Petrochemical, Oil & Gas

Cladder: Nickel Superalloy 825

Backer: SA516 70N Carbon Steel

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm.

Industries: Chemical & Petrochemical, Oil & Gas

Cladder: 317L Stainless Steel

Backer: SA516 70N Carbon Steel

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm.

Industries: Chemical & Petrochemical, Oil & Gas

Cladder: 347 Stainless Steel

Backer: SA516 60N Carbon Steel

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm.

Industries: Chemical & Petrochemical, Oil & Gas

Cladder: Copper 101

Backer: Aluminum 1050

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm

Industries: Metals Extraction & Refining

Cladder: Copper 706

Backer: SA516 70N Carbon Steel

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm

Industries: Industrial Refrigeration

Cladder: Titanium Grade 17

Backer: P355GH Steel

Thickness: .750 in., 19.1 mm.

Industries: Metals Extraction & Refining, Chemical & Petrochemical, Industrial Refrigeration Oil & Gas

Cladder: Titanium Grade 17

Backer: 316L Stainless Steel

Thickness: .750 in., 19.1 mm.

Industries: Power Generation, Chemical & Petrochemical

Cladder: Titanium Grade 7

Backer: 304L Stainless Steel

Thickness: .750 in., 19.1 mm.

Industries: Power Generation, Chemical & Petrochemical

Cladder: Nickel Superalloy 825

Backer: HY80 Steel

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm.

Industries: Chemical & Petrochemical, Oil & Gas

Cladder: 347 Stainless Steel

Backer: SA516 70N Carbon Steel

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm.

Industries: Chemical & Petrochemical, Oil & Gas

Cladder: SA516 55N Carbon Steel

Backer: Copper 110

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm.

Industries: Metals Extraction & Refining, Chemical & Petrochemical

Cladder: Titanium Grade 11

Backer: SA516 70N Carbon Steel

Thickness: .750 in., 19.1 mm.

Industries: Metals Extraction & Refining, Chemical & Petrochemical, Industrial Refrigeration Oil & Gas

Cladder: Titanium Grade 2

Backer: P355GH Steel

Thickness: .750 in., 19.1 mm.

Industries: Metals Extraction & Refining, Chemical & Petrochemical, Industrial Refrigeration Oil & Gas

Cladder: Titanium Grade 7

Backer: P295GH Steel

Thickness: .750 in., 19.1 mm.

Industries: Metals Extraction & Refining, Chemical & Petrochemical, Industrial Refrigeration Oil & Gas

Cladder: Titanium Grade 11

Backer: 316L Stainless Steel

Thickness: .750 in., 19.1 mm.

Industries: Power Generation, Chemical & Petrochemical

Cladder: Titanium Grade 17

Backer: 304L Stainless Steel

Thickness: .750 in., 19.1 mm.

Industries: Power Generation, Chemical & Petrochemical

Cladder: Nickel Superalloy 625

Backer: HY80 Steel

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm.

Industries: Chemical & Petrochemical, Oil & Gas

Cladder: 321 Stainless Steel

Backer: SA516 60N Carbon Steel

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm.

Industries: Chemical & Petrochemical, Oil & Gas

Cladder: Copper 102

Backer: Aluminum 1350

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm

Industries: Metals Extraction & Refining

Cladder: Titanium Grade 7

Backer: P355GH Steel

Thickness: .750 in., 19.1 mm.

Industries: Metals Extraction & Refining, Chemical & Petrochemical, Industrial Refrigeration Oil & Gas

Cladder: Titanium Grade 12

Backer: 316L Stainless Steel

Thickness: .750 in., 19.1 mm.

Industries: Power Generation, Chemical & Petrochemical

Cladder: Titanium Grade 11

Backer: Nickel 200

Thickness: .750 in., 19.1 mm.

Industries: Chemical & Petrochemical

Cladder: Titanium Grade 17

Backer: Nickel 200

Thickness: .750 in., 19.1 mm.

Industries: Chemical & Petrochemical

Cladder: Titanium Grade 7

Backer: SA516 70N Carbon Steel

Thickness: .750 in., 19.1 mm.

Industries: Metals Extraction & Refining, Chemical & Petrochemical, Industrial Refrigeration Oil & Gas

Cladder: Copper 102

Backer: Aluminum 1050

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm

Industries: Metals Extraction & Refining

Cladder: Copper 110

Backer: Aluminum 1350

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm

Industries: Metals Extraction & Refining

Cladder: Aluminum 5083

Backer: SA516 55N Carbon Steel

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm

Industries: Marine

Cladder: Copper 101

Backer: Aluminum 1100

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm

Industries: Metals Extraction & Refining

Cladder: Copper 464

Backer: SA516 70N Carbon Steel

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm

Industries: Industrial Refrigeration

Cladder: Aluminum 5086

Backer: SA516 55N Carbon Steel

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm

Industries: Marine

Cladder: Titanium Grade 1

Backer: SA516 70N Carbon Steel

Thickness: .750 in., 19.1 mm.

Industries: Metals Extraction & Refining, Chemical & Petrochemical, Industrial Refrigeration Oil & Gas

Cladder: Nickel 400

Backer: SA516 70N Carbon Steel

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm.

Industries: Chemical & Petrochemical, Oil & Gas

Cladder: Titanium Grade 2

Backer: Nickel 200

Thickness: .750 in., 19.1 mm.

Industries: Chemical & Petrochemical

Cladder: Titanium Grade 12

Backer: P295GH Steel

Thickness: .750 in., 19.1 mm.

Industries: Metals Extraction & Refining, Chemical & Petrochemical, Industrial Refrigeration Oil & Gas

Cladder: Titanium Grade 1

Backer: P295GH Steel

Thickness: .750 in., 19.1 mm.

Industries: Metals Extraction & Refining, Chemical & Petrochemical, Industrial Refrigeration Oil & Gas

Cladder: 304L Stainless Steel

Backer: SA516 70N Carbon Steel

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm.

Industries: Chemical & Petrochemical, Oil & Gas

Cladder: 321 Stainless Steel

Backer: SA516 70N Carbon Steel

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm.

Industries: Chemical & Petrochemical, Oil & Gas

Cladder: Nickel 200

Backer: SA516 70N Carbon Steel

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm.

Industries: Chemical & Petrochemical, Oil & Gas

Cladder: Zirconium 700

Backer: SA516 60N Carbon Steel

Thickness: .625 in., 15.9 mm.

Industries: Chemical & Petrochemical

Cladder: Titanium Grade 7

Backer: Nickel 200

Thickness: .750 in., 19.1 mm.

Industries: Chemical & Petrochemical

Cladder: Titanium Grade 7

Backer: 316L Stainless Steel

Thickness: .750 in., 19.1 mm.

Industries: Power Generation, Chemical & Petrochemical

Cladder: Titanium Grade 2

Backer: 304L Stainless Steel

Thickness: .750 in., 19.1 mm.

Industries: Power Generation, Chemical & Petrochemical

Cladder: Titanium Grade 17

Backer: SA516 70N Carbon Steel

Thickness: .750 in., 19.1 mm.

Industries: Metals Extraction & Refining, Chemical & Petrochemical, Industrial Refrigeration Oil & Gas

Cladder: Nickel Superalloy 600

Backer: SA516 70N Carbon Steel

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm.

Industries: Chemical & Petrochemical, Oil & Gas

Cladder: Zirconium 700

Backer: SA516 70N Carbon Steel

Thickness: .625 in., 15.9 mm.

Industries: Chemical & Petrochemical

Cladder: Zirconium 700

Backer: 316L Stainless Steel

Thickness: .625 in., 15.9 mm.

Industries: Chemical & Petrochemical

Cladder: Aluminum 3003

Backer: 1008 Carbon Steel

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm.

Industries: Metals Extraction & Refining

Cladder: Copper 110

Backer: Aluminum 1100

Thickness: 1 in., 25.4 mm

Industries: Metals Extraction & Refining

En comparación con los sistemas de conexión atornillados, los CTJ ofrecen una forma más fácil y confiable de conectar el acero inoxidable al aluminio en tanques de almacenamiento de gas licuado y líneas de transferencia.

Nuestras placas de tubo revestidas están hechas de aleaciones resistentes a la corrosión, lo que las hace ideales para aplicaciones que van desde enfriadores de refrigeración en barcos de pesca hasta acondicionadores de aire para su uso en la fabricación de alimentos y productos farmacéuticos.

Nuestras placas y cilindros DetaClad™ , disponibles en 260 combinaciones de metales compatibles y no compatibles, son la base mundial de los recipientes a presión, torres, cristalizadores y otros.

Las juntas de transición eléctrica de NobelClad ofrecen soluciones fuertes y de baja resistencia eléctrica para la fundición de aluminio y zinc, cuando las aplicaciones de cátodos y revestimientos de ánodos deben operar a ciertas temperaturas.

NobelClad ofrece cabezales revestidos de alta calidad de todos los tamaños para reactores, intercambiadores de calor y recipientes de proceso. Adaptamos nuestro proceso de formación de cabezales a combinaciones específicas de metálicos.

Las juntas de transición estructural de NobelClad unen permanentemente metales sin sujetadores mecánicos. Los constructores navales recurren a nosotros para conectar superestructuras y mamparos a cascos de acero, estructuras y componentes de cubierta.